Soil, coco coir or hydroponics: choosing a growing medium

All three work. They differ in how much food the medium holds, how fast it dries and how quickly mistakes show up.

The three choices

• Soil (potting mix). Holds water and nutrients and buffers mistakes. Some bagged mixes contain starter fertilizer and others don’t, so read the label before adding more. Water when the pot feels lighter.
• Coco coir with perlite. Holds air and water well, but doesn’t provide a balanced nutrient supply. Unamended coco usually needs a regular complete nutrient solution; follow the product and system instructions. You’ll water more often, usually in smaller pots.
• Hydroponics. Roots sit in nutrient water or are fed by it. Growth is fast, but a pump or air failure can hurt plants quickly.

A note on pH

Use guidance for your actual medium, nutrient formulation and test method. A 2025 hemp study found very acidic peat-based substrate reduced growth, but it didn’t determine the ideal pH for coco or water culture. Coco also has ion-exchange behavior and isn’t chemically inert. See the pH guide.

Which to pick

If you’re new, start with soil. If you like routine and quick feedback, try coco. Save hydroponics for after your first grow.