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The vegetative stage: building the plant before flowering
In the vegetative stage the plant builds roots, branches and leaves. Photoperiod plants usually get 18 hours of light, and you decide…
How to tell male from female plants, and what to do about hermaphrodites
Check the nodes where branches meet the stem for female flowers or pollen sacs. If you're growing unseeded flower, keep pollen-producing plants…
How to water cannabis, and how to tell too much from too little
In soil, water thoroughly, then wait until the pot feels noticeably lighter before watering again. Coco gets watered more often. Drooping can…
Plant food basics: what N, P and K do and how much you need
Use a balanced nutrient program matched to your medium and water. Studies show both shortages and excess can hurt growth. The elemental…
EC, PPM and the pour-through test
EC tracks dissolved ions, including salts already in your water; it does not show the balance of individual nutrients. Many meters estimate…
Cal-Mag and magnesium: when you need them
You're most likely to need extra calcium and magnesium if you use RO or very soft water, or grow in coco. Calcium…
Hydroponic systems compared
Hydroponic systems supply nutrients through water, with or without a supporting growing medium. Compare how each system delivers water and oxygen, how…
Pots, drainage and pot size for cannabis
Choose a container with drainage holes and keep it out of standing runoff. Don't add gravel to the bottom. Three to five…
How to take and root cannabis clones
One cannabis-cutting study found better rooting with the tested 0.2% IBA gel than with the tested willow-extract gel. Three leaves improved root…
LED grow lights explained in plain English
Compare grow lights by the light reaching the canopy (PPFD), coverage and efficiency—not marketing “equivalent watts.” More light increased yield under the…